Los Angeles Times

Los Angeles Times
Front page from October 21, 2008
Front page from October 21, 2008
Type Daily newspaper
Format Broadsheet
Owner Tribune Company
Publisher Eddy Hartenstein[1]
Editor Russ Stanton
Founded December 4, 1881
Language English
Headquarters 202 West 1st Street
Los Angeles, California 90012
Circulation 616,606 Daily
1,019,388 Sunday[2]
ISSN 0458-3035
Official website www.latimes.com

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. In 2008 it was the second-largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States and the fourth most widely distributed newspaper in the country.[3]

Contents

History

It was originally first published every week and a half as an evening paper, bearing the name Los Angeles Daily Times, on December 4, 1881, but soon went bankrupt. The paper's printer, the Mirror Company, took over the newspaper and installed former Union Army lieutenant colonel Harrison Gray Otis as an editor. Otis made the paper a financial success. In 1884, he bought out the newspaper and printing company to form the Times-Mirror Company.

Rubble of the L.A. Times building after the 1910 bombing

Historian Kevin Starr lists Otis (with Henry E. Huntington and Moses Sherman) as a businessman "capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment."[4] Otis's editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles and promoting its growth. Toward those ends, the paper supported efforts to expand the city's water supply by acquiring the watershed of the Owens Valley, an effort fictionalized in the Roman Polanski movie Chinatown which is also covered in California Water Wars.

The efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1, 1910, bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged. The American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Clarence Darrow was later found innocent of giving a $4,000 bribe to a juryman.[5] The paper soon relocated to the Times Building, a Los Angeles landmark.

Chandler era

Upon Otis's death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, took control as publisher of the Times. Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Norman's wife, Dorothy Buffum Chandler, became active in civic affairs and led the effort to build the Los Angeles Music Center, whose main concert hall was named the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in her honor. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios. The site also includes a memorial to the Times' building bombing victims.

The paper was a founding co-owner of then-CBS turned independent television station KTTV. It became that station's sole owner in 1951, and remained so until it was sold to Metromedia in 1963.

The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980. Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his family's paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nation's most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times and Washington Post. Believing that the newsroom was "the heartbeat of the business",[6] Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with The Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for other news organizations.

During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined.

A Pulitzer Prize in 1990 went to the Times' Jim Murray, considered by many to be one of the greatest sportswriters of the century.

The paper's early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big (1977, ISBN 0399117660), and was one of four organizations profiled by David Halberstam in The Powers That Be (1979, ISBN 0394503813; 2000 reprint ISBN 0252069412). It has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades.[7]

Modern era

LA Times building, May 2006, featuring green "125 Years" banners, at 1st and Spring, downtown Los Angeles
Los Angeles Times building, viewed from the corner of 1st and Spring streets
Times vending machine featuring news of the 1984 Summer Olympics

The Los Angeles Times paid circulation figures have decreased since the mid-1990s. Some attribute the drop to the increasing availability of alternate methods of obtaining news, such as the Internet, cable TV or radio. Others also believe that the drop was due to the circulation director (Bert Tiffany) retiring. Still others believe the circulation drop was a side effect of a succession of short-lived editors who were appointed by publisher Mark Willes after Otis Chandler relinquished day-to-day control in 1995.[6] Willes, the former president of General Mills, was criticized for his lack of understanding of the newspaper business, and was derisively referred to by reporters and editors as The Cereal Killer.

Its daily circulation reported in April 2010 was 616,606,[8] down from a peak of 1.1 million.[9]

Other possible reasons for the circulation drop include an increase in the single copy price from 25 cents to 50 cents[10] or the rise in readers preferring to read the online version instead of the hard copy.[11] Editor Jim O'Shea, in an internal memo announcing a May 2007, mostly voluntary reduction in force, characterized the decrease in circulation as an "industry-wide problem" which the paper must counter by "growing rapidly on-line," "break[ing] news on the web and explain[ing] and analyz[ing] it in our newspaper."[12] 2004 Pulitzer Prize winner Nancy Cleeland[13] who took O'Shea's buyout offer, did so because of "frustration with the paper's coverage of working people and organized labor"[14] (the beat that earned her Pulitzer[13]). She speculated that the paper's revenue shortfall could be reversed by expanding coverage of economic justice topics which she believes are increasingly relevant to Southern California; she cited the paper's attempted hiring of a "celebrity justice reporter" as an example of the wrong approach.[14]

In 2000, the Times-Mirror Company was purchased by the Tribune Company of Chicago, Illinois, ending one of the final examples of a family-controlled metropolitan daily newspaper in the U.S. (The New York Times, The Seattle Times, and others remain). John Carroll, former editor of the Baltimore Sun, was brought in to restore the luster of the newspaper. During his reign at the Los Angeles Times he eliminated more than 200 jobs, but it was not enough for parent company Tribune. Despite operating profits of 20 percent the Tribune executives were unsatisfied with returns and by 2005 John Carroll had left the Los Angeles Times.

Dean Baquet replaced John Carroll, who refused to impose the additional cutbacks mandated by Tribune. Baquet was the first African American to hold this type of editorial position at a top-tier daily. During Baquet and Carroll's time at the paper it won 13 Pulitzers, more than any other paper but the New York Times.[15] Subsequently, Baquet was himself ousted for not meeting the demands of the Tribune Group - as was publisher Jeffrey Johnson - and replaced by James O'Shea of the Chicago Tribune. O'Shea himself left in January 2008 after a budget dispute with publisher David Hiller.

The paper's content and design style has been overhauled several times in attempts to help increase circulation. In 2000, a major change more closely organized the news sections (related news was put closer together) and changed the "Local" section to the "California" section with more extensive coverage. Another major change in 2005 saw the Sunday "Opinion" section retitled the Sunday "Current" section, with a radical change in its presentation and columnists featured. There are regular cross-promotions with co-owned KTLA to bring evening news viewers into the Times fold.

In early 2006, the Times closed its San Fernando Valley printing plant, leaving press operations at the Olympic Plant and Orange County. Also in 2006, the Times announced its circulation at 851,532, down 5.4% from 2005. The Times' loss of circulation is the highest out of the top ten newspapers in the U.S.[16] Despite circulation decline, many in the media industry have lauded the newspaper's effort to decrease its reliance on 'other-paid' circulation in favor of building its 'individually-paid' circulation base - which showed a marginal increase in a circulation audit. This distinction reflects the difference between, for example, copies distributed to hotel guests free of charge (other-paid) versus subscriptions and single-copy sales (individually-paid).

In December 2006, a team of Times reporters delivered management with a critique of the paper's online news efforts known as the Spring Street Project.[17] The report, which condemned the Times as a "web-stupid" organization,"[17] was followed by a shakeup in management of the paper's Web site,[18] latimes.com, and a rebuke of print staff who have "treated change as a threat."[19]

Under Sam Zell's ownership

On April 2, 2007, the Tribune Company announced its acceptance of real estate entrepreneur Sam Zell's offer to buy the Chicago Tribune, the Los Angeles Times, and all other company assets. Zell announced plans to sell the Chicago Cubs baseball club. He put up for sale the company's 25 percent interest in Comcast SportsNet Chicago. Until the time of shareholder approval, Los Angeles billionaires Ron Burkle and Eli Broad, had the right to submit a higher bid, in which case Zell would have received a $25 million buyout fee.[20]

The paper reported on July 3, 2008, that it planned to cut 250 jobs by Labor day and reduce the number of published pages by 15 percent.[21][22] That included about 17 percent of its news staff, as part of the newly private media company's mandate to slash costs. Since Zell bought Tribune, the paper has been struggling to deal with a heavy load of debt. "We've tried to get ahead of all the change that's occurring in the business and get to an organization and size that will be sustainable," Hiller said.

The changes and cuts have been controversial, prompting criticism from such disparate sources as a Jewish Journal commentary and an anonymously written employee blog called Tell Zell and a satirical Web site, Not the L.A. Times.

In January 2009, the Times increased its single copy price from 50 to 75 cents[23] and the elimination of the separate California/Metro section, folding it into the front section of the newspaper. The Times also announced seventy job cuts in news and editorial, or a 10-percent cut in payroll.[24]

Bankruptcy

In December 2008, the paper's current owner, the Tribune Company, filed for bankruptcy protection. The bankruptcy is a result of plunging advertising revenue and a heavy debt load of $12.9 billion, much of it incurred when the paper was taken private by Zell. [25]

Pulitzer Prizes

The Times won a Pulitzer Prize in 2009.[26] Reporters Bettina Boxall and Julie Cart won the Explanatory Reporting prize "for their fresh and painstaking exploration into the cost and effectiveness of attempts to combat the growing menace of wildfires across the western United States."[27] Previously it had won thirty-eight Pulitzers, including four in editorial cartooning, and one each in spot news reporting for the 1965 Watts Riots and the 1992 Los Angeles riots.[28] In 2004, the paper won five prizes, which is the third-most by any paper in one year (behind The New York Times in 2002 (7) and The Washington Post in 2008 (6)).

Competition and rivalry

Partial front page of the Los Angeles Times for Monday, April 24, 1922, displaying coverage of a Ku Klux Klan raid in an L.A. suburb

In the 19th century, the chief competition to the Times was the Los Angeles Herald, followed by the smaller Los Angeles Tribune. In December 1903, newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst began publishing the Los Angeles Examiner as a direct morning competitor to the Times.[1] In the 20th Century, the Los Angeles Express was an afternoon competitor, as was Manchester Boddy's Los Angeles Daily News, a Democratic newspaper.[29]

By the mid-1940s, the Times was the leading newspaper in terms of circulation in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. In 1948, it launched the Los Angeles Mirror, an afternoon tabloid, to compete with both the Daily News and the merged Herald-Express. In 1954, the Mirror absorbed the Daily News. The combined paper, the Mirror-News, ceased publication in 1962, when the Hearst afternoon Herald-Express was merged with the morning Los Angeles Examiner.[30]

In 1989, the Times's last rival for the Los Angeles daily newspaper market, the Los Angeles Herald Examiner, went out of business, making Los Angeles virtually a one-newspaper city, except for smaller dailies in cities like Pasadena, the San Fernando Valley, Santa Monica, Long Beach, and Torrance and the South Bay.

In the 1990s, the Times published various editions catering to far-flung areas. Editions included a Ventura County edition, an Inland Empire edition, a San Diego County edition, and a "National Edition" that was distributed to Washington, D.C. and the San Francisco Bay Area. The National Edition was closed in December 2004.

Some of these editions were folded into Our Times, a group of community supplements included in editions of the regular Los Angeles Metro newspaper.

A subsidiary, Times Community Newspapers. owns the Glendale News-Press, the Burbank Leader, the La Cañada Valley Sun, the Daily Pilot and the Huntington Beach Independent.

Features

Among its current staff are columnists Steve Lopez and Patt Morrison, popular music critics Robert Hillburn and Randy Lewis, film critic Kenneth Turan, entertainment industry columnist Patrick Goldstein and numerous award-winning reporters.

Sports columnists include Bill Plaschke, who is also a panelist on ESPN's Around the Horn, T.J. Simers, Kurt Streeter and Helene Elliott, the first female sportswriter to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Former sports editor Bill Dwyre is also a columnist.

One of the Times' best-known news columns is "Column One," a feature that appears daily on the front page to the left-hand side. Established in September 1968, it is a place for the weird and the interesting; in the How Far Can a Piano Fly? (a compilation of Column One stories) introduction, Patt Morrison writes that the column's purpose is to elicit a "Gee, that's interesting, I didn't know that" type of reaction.

The Times also embarks on a number of investigative journalism pieces, researching and dissecting a certain scandal or unfavored part of society. A series in December 2004 on the King-Drew Medical Center led to a Pulitzer Prize and a more thorough coverage of the hospital's troubled history. Lopez wrote an acclaimed five-part series on the civic and humanitarian disgrace of Los Angeles' Skid Row, which became the focus of the 2009 motion picture, The Soloist.

Controversies

It was revealed in 1999 that a revenue-sharing arrangement was in place between the Times and Staples Center in the preparation of a 168-page magazine about the opening of the sports arena. The magazine's editors and writers were not informed of the agreement, which breached the Chinese wall that traditionally has separated advertising from journalistic functions at American newspapers. Publisher Mark Willes also had not prevented advertisers from pressuring reporters in other sections of the newspaper to write stories favorable to their point of view.[31]

L.A. Times building view

Michael Kinsley was hired as the Opinion and Editorial (Op-Ed) Editor in April 2004 to help improve the quality of the opinion pieces. His role was controversial, as he forced writers to take a more decisive stance on issues. In 2005, he created a Wikitorial, the first Wiki by a major news organization. Although it failed, readers could combine forces to produce their own editorial pieces. He resigned later that year.

On November 12, 2005, new Op-Ed Editor Andrés Martinez shook things up by announcing the firing of liberal op-ed columnist Robert Scheer and conservative editorial cartoonist Michael Ramirez, replacing the two with a more diversified lineup of regular columnists. The change was not well-received by liberal readers, many of whom accused the newspaper of trying to silence liberal voices and remove controversial writers.

The Times has also come under controversy for its decision to drop the weekday edition of the Garfield comic strip in 2005, in favor of a hipper comic strip Brevity, while retaining the Sunday edition. Garfield was dropped altogether shortly thereafter.[32]

Following the GOP's defeat in the 2006 mid-term elections, an Opinion piece published on November 19, 2006, by Joshua Muravchik, a leading neoconservative and a resident scholar at the conservative view American Enterprise Institute, titled BOMB IRAN shocked some readers, with its hawkish overtures in support of more unilateral action by the United States, this time against Iran.[33]

On March 22, 2007, editorial page editor Andrés Martinez resigned following an alleged scandal centering around his girlfriend's professional relationship with a Hollywood producer who had been tapped to guest edit a section in the newspaper.[34] In an open letter penned upon leaving the paper, Martinez blasted the publication for allowing the Chinese Wall between the news and editorial departments to be weakened, accusing news staffers of lobbying the opinion desk.[35]

The Times drew fire for a last-minute story before the 2003 California recall election alleging that gubernatorial candidate Arnold Schwarzenegger groped scores of women during his movie career. Columnist Jill Stewart wrote on the American Reporter website that the Times did not do a story on allegations that former Governor Gray Davis had verbally and physically abused women in his office and that the Schwarzenegger story was printed with a number of anonymous sources. Further, she said, four of the six alleged victims were not named. She also said that in the case of the Davis allegations, the Times decided against printing the Davis story because of its reliance on anonymous sources.[36][37][38] The American Society of Newspaper Editors said that the Times lost more than 10,000 subscribers because of the negative publicity surrounding the Schwarzenegger article.[39]

Promotion

Book prizes

Since 1980, the Times has awarded annual book prizes. The categories are now biography, current interest, fiction, first fiction, history, mystery/thriller, poetry, science and technology, and young adult fiction. In addition, the Robert Kirsch Award is presented annually to a living author with a substantial connection to the American West whose contribution to American letters deserves special recognition".[40]

Festival of Books

2009 Los Angeles Times Festival of Books, campus of the University of California, Los Angeles

The annual Los Angeles Times Festival of Books in association with the University of California, Los Angeles was started by the Times in 1996. It has panel discussions, exhibits, and stages during two days at the end of April each year.[41]

Film Festival

The Times also sponsors The Film Independent's Los Angeles Film Festival, which is held in the end of June in Westwood Village. The 2009 festival, featuring more than 200 films from 30 countries, is scheduled for June 18–28.

Notable employees

Writers and editors

  • J. A. Adande, sports columnist
  • Martin Bernheimer, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1982
  • Bettina Boxall, 2009 Pulitzer Prize
  • Julie Cart, 2009 Pulitzer Prize
  • Borzou Daragahi, Beirut bureau chief
  • Barbara Demick, Beijing bureau chief, author
  • Bob Drogin, national political reporter
  • Bill Dwyre, sports editor
  • Richard Eder, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1987
  • Helene Elliott, sports journalist
  • Carl Greenberg, political writer
  • L. D. Hotchkiss, editor
  • Philip P. Kerby, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1976
  • Rick Loomis, reporter, Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting in 2007
  • Steve Lopez, columnist
  • Al Martinez, columnist
  • Usha Lee McFarling, reporter, Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting in 2007
  • Doyle McManus, Washington bureau chief
  • Alan Miller, Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2003
  • J. R. Moehringer, national correspondent, 2000 Pulitzer Prize
  • Patt Morrison, columnist
  • Kim Murphy, reporter, 2005 Pulitzer Prize
  • Jim Murray (1919–1998), sports columnist, 1989 Pulitzer Prize
  • Sonia Nazario, feature writing, 2003 Pulitzer Prize
  • Dan Neil, columnist, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 2004
  • Ross Newhan, sports
  • Jack Nelson, (1929–2009), political reporter, Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting in 1960[42]
  • Bill Plaschke, sports columnist
  • Michael Parks, reporter, 1987 Pulitzer Prize
  • Mike Penner (1957–2009) (Christine Daniels), sportswriter
  • Alex Raksin, editorial writing, 2002 Pulitzer Prize
  • Howard Rosenberg, Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1985
  • Kevin Sack, Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting in 2003
  • David Shaw (1943–2005), Pulitzer Prize for Criticism in 1991
  • Gaylord D. Shaw, reporter, 1978 Pulitzer Prize
  • Barry Siegel, feature writing, 2002 Pulitzer Prize
  • Jack Smith (1916–1996), columnist
  • Bob Sipchen, editorial writing, 2002 Pulitzer Prize
  • Bill Stall, editorial writing, 2004 Pulitzer Prize
  • William Tuohy, Pulitzer Prize
  • Peter Wallsten, national political reporter
  • Kenneth R. Weiss, Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting in 2007
  • David Willman, Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting in 2001

Cartoonists

  • Paul Francis Conrad, Pulitzer Prize in 1964, 1971, 1984
  • Frank Interlandi (1924–2010)
  • Michael Patrick Ramirez, Pulitzer Prize in 1994, 2008
  • Bruce Russell, Pulitzer Prize in 1946

Photographers

  • Don Bartletti, Pulitzer Prize in 2003
  • Carolyn Cole, Pulitzer Prize in 2004
  • John L. Gaunt, Jr., Pulitzer Prize in 1955
  • Clarence Williams, Pulitzer Prize in 1998

References

General references

Notes

  1. ↑ MacMillan, Robert (2008-08-16). "Tribune hires former DirecTV CEO to run LA Times". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSGOR66595920080816. 
  2. ↑ Los Angeles Times Circulation
  3. ↑ "2008 Top Newspapers, Blogs & Consumer Magazines" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2008_Top_100List.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Starr, Kevin (1985). Inventing the Dream: California Through the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0195034899. OCLC 11089240. 
  5. ↑ Costigan, Cases and Other Authorities on Legal Ethics, 1933, pp 345 et seq.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 McDougal, Dennis (2002). Privileged Son: Otis Chandler and the Rise and Fall of the L.A. Times Dynasty. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo. ISBN 0306811618. OCLC 49594139. 
  7. ↑ ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts, accessed June 8, 2007.
  8. ↑ By Mark Fitzgerald (2010-04-26). [hhttp://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1004086334 "Like Newspaper Revenue, the Decline in Circ Shows Signs of Slowing"]. editorandpublisher.com. hhttp://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1004086334. Retrieved 2010-04-26. 
  9. ↑ As told to RJ Smith. "Ripped from the headlines - Los Angeles Magazine". Lamag.com. http://www.lamag.com/featuredarticle.aspx?id=1050. Retrieved 2009-01-12. 
  10. ↑ Shah, Diane, "The New Los Angeles Times" Columbia Journalism Review 2002, 3.
  11. ↑ Rainey, James, "Newspaper Circulation Continues to Fall," Los Angeles Times 1 May 2007: D1.
  12. ↑ E&P Staff (2007-05-25). "California Split: 57 More Job Cuts at 'L.A. Times'". Editor & Publisher (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.). http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/article_brief/eandp/1/1003590597. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 E&P Staff (2007-05-28). "Pulitzer Winner Explains Why She Took 'L.A. Times' Buyout". Editor & Publisher (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.). http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/article_brief/eandp/1/1003591028. Retrieved 2007-05-28. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Cleeland, Nancy (2007-05-28). "Why I'm Leaving The L.A. Times". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nancy-cleeland-/why-im-leaving-the-l_b_49697.html. 
  15. ↑ Pappu, Sridhar (March/April 2007). "Reckless Disregard: Dean Baquet on the gutting of the Los Angeles Times". Mother Jones. http://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2007/03/reckless_disregard.html. 
  16. ↑ Lieberman, David (2006-05-09). "Newspaper sales dip, but websites gain". USATODAY.com. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-05-08-newspaper-circulation_x.htm. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Saar, Mayrav (2007-01-26). "LAT's Scathing Internal Memo. Read It Here.". FishbowlLA (mediabistro.com). http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowlLA/on/lats_scathing_internal_memo_read_it_here_51895.asp. 
  18. ↑ Roderick, Kevin (2007-01-24). "Times retools on web — again". LA Observed. http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2007/01/times_retools_on_web_agai.php. 
  19. ↑ Welch, Matt (2007-01-24). "Spring Street Project unveiled!". latimes.com. http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2007/01/spring_street_p.html. 
  20. ↑ "Tribune goes to Zell". Chicago Sun-Times. 2007-04-03. http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/324173,CST-NWS-Trib03.article. 
  21. ↑ Hiltzik, Michael A. (2008-07-03). "Los Angeles Times to cut 250 jobs, including 150 from news staff: The newspaper cites falling ad revenue in economic slowdown". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/business/printedition/la-fi-times3-2008jul03,0,1545512.story. 
  22. ↑ Politi, Daniel (2008-07-03). "Today's Papers: "You Have Been Liberated"". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2194811/. 
  23. ↑ http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Los-Angeles-Times-Ups-Newsstand-Price.html
  24. ↑ http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2009/01/los_angeles_times_kills.php
  25. ↑ James Rainey and Michael A. Hiltzik (December 09, 2008). "Owner of L.A. Times files for bankruptcy". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/dec/09/business/fi-tribune9. 
  26. ↑ 2009 Pulitzer Prizes: Journalism
  27. ↑ 2009 Pulitzer Prizewinners and Nominated Finalists
  28. ↑ "Los Angeles Times - Media Center". Latimes.com. 1994-01-17. http://www.latimes.com/services/newspaper/mediacenter/la-mediacenter-pulitzers,0,6930216.story. Retrieved 2009-01-12. 
  29. ↑ Red Ink, White Lies: The Rise and Fall of Los Angeles Newspapers, 1920-1962 by Rob Leicester Wagner, Dragonflyer Press, 2000
  30. ↑ Leonard Pitt and Dale Pitt, Los Angeles: A to Z, University of California Press, ISBN 0520202740.
  31. ↑ Elder, Sean (1999-11-05). "Meltdown at the L.A. Times". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/media/log/1999/11/05/media/. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  32. ↑ Astor, Dave (2005-01-05). "'L.A. Times' Drops Daily 'Garfield' as the Comic Is Blasted and Praised". Editor & Publisher (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.). Archived from the original on 2005-01-07. http://www.n-philes.com/forums/printthread.php?t=9299. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  33. ↑ Muravchik, Joshua (2006-11-19). "Bomb Iran". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-op-muravchik19nov19,0,1681154.story?coll=la-opinion-center. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  34. ↑ Rainey, James (2007-03-22). "Editor Resigns over Killed Opinion Section". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2007-03-23. http://www.infowars.net/articles/march2007/230307Editor.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  35. ↑ Martinez, Andrés (2007-03-22). "Grazergate, an Epilogue". Los Angeles Times. http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2007/03/grazergate_the_.html. Retrieved 2007-03-26. 
  36. ↑ Stewart, Jill (2003-10-04). "LA Times Covers Up Davis Violence on Female Staff". jillstewart.net. Archived from the original on 2006-12-23. http://www.american-reporter.com/3,056w/1300.html. 
  37. ↑ Stewart, Jill (2003-10-14). "How the Los Angeles Times Really Decided to Publish its Accounts of Women Who Said They Were Groped". jillstewart.net. Archived from the original on 2003-10-14. http://www.chemistry.ohio-state.edu/~jherring/war/latimesbias.pdf. 
  38. ↑ Cohn, Gary; Hall, Carla; Welkos, Robert W. (2003-10-02). "Women Say Schwarzenegger Groped, Humiliated Them". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2003-10-02. http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/1002-01.htm. 
  39. ↑ "ASNE recognizes Los Angeles Times editor for leadership". ASNE.org (American Society of Newspaper Editors). 2004-03-24. http://www.asne.org/index.cfm?ID=5133. 
  40. ↑ Los Angeles Times Book Prizes home page
  41. ↑ Los Angeles Times Festival of Books
  42. ↑ 1960 Winners, The Pulitzer Prizes

External links